天津科技

天津科技 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 122-124.

• 科学与社会 • 上一篇    

一次大冰雹天气过程分析

朱晓晶1, 段祥海2, 卜盛田3, 邢蕊1   

  1. 1.天津市滨海新区气象局 天津 300457;
    2.天津市气象灾害防御技术中心 天津 300074;
    3.天津益港物流技术服务有限公司 天津 300452
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-03 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-12-28

Analysis of a Large Hail Weather Process

ZHU Xiaojing1, DUAN Xianghai2, BU Shengtian3, XING Rui1   

  1. 1. Meteorological Service in Binhai New Area of Tianjin,Tianjin 300457,China;
    2. Tianjin Meteorological Disaster Defense Technology Centre,Tianjin 300074,China;
    3. Tianjin Yigang Logistics Technology Service Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300452,China
  • Received:2023-07-03 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-12-28

摘要： 利用常规气象资料和多普勒雷达回波资料,分析了一次大冰雹天气过程。结果表明：①本次大冰雹天气产生的环流背景及影响系统为浅薄华北冷涡、500 hPa西北气流及冷温度槽,700、850 hPa暖温度脊控制,形成优势不稳定层结,滨海新区位于200 hPa高空急流出口区左侧辐散区,并且低层暖湿,中层干冷,有利于强对流天气发生发展;②对流有效位能较大,为1 626 J/kg,对流抑制能量为“0”,0~6 km垂直风切变是中等强度,为12.8 m/s,0~2 km垂直风切变较大,为10.2 m/s,850 hPa以下湿度大,有利于冰雹和雷雨大风天气产生,0 ℃层高度4.2 km,为适宜降雹高度;③滨海新区降雹前1 h左右雷达回波显现出雹暴特征,反射率因子值超过55 dBz,垂直累积液态含水量大于65 g/kg,并出现旁瓣回波,预示要降大冰雹,可以提前1 h左右发布大冰雹临近预警;④强回波沿着500 hPa引导气流及地面辐合线方向移动,进入渤海后强度加强,雷达识别出中气旋,然后发展为超级单体雹暴;⑤雹暴单体进入渤海后增强为超级单体原因,即低层湿度增大,上冷下暖位势不稳定增强,深层垂直风切变加强,并且更靠近200 hPa高空急流出口区左侧辐散场,更加有利于上升运动产生及风暴的组织性。

关键词: 华北冷涡, 大冰雹, 超级单体雹暴

Abstract: Based on the conventional meteorological data and Doppler radar products,a large hail weather process under the influence of North China cold vortex is analyzed. The results show that：（1） the influence system of this hailstorm is the potential unstable stratification formed by the shallow North China cold vortex,northwest airflow and cold temperature trough at 500 hPa,warm temperature ridge at 700 hPa and 850 hPa;Binhai New Area is located in the divergence zone to the left of the 200 hPa high-altitude jet stream exit zone. It is warm and wet in the lower layer and dry and cold in the middle layer,which is conducive to the occurrence and development of severe convective weather. （2） The effective potential energy of convection is 1 626 J/kg,the convective inhibition is 0 J/kg,the moderate intensity of 0-6 km vertical wind shear is 12.8 m/s,the moderate intensity of 0-2 km vertical wind shear is 10.2 m/s,the humidity below 850 hPa is high,and the humidity above is low,which is favorable for the occurrence of hail and thunderstorm gale weather. The height of 0 ℃ layer is 4.2 km,it is suitable for hail formed. （3） About 1 hour before hailstorm in Binhai New Area,radar products show hailstorm characteristics：reflectivity factor value more than 55 dBz,vertical accumulated liquid water content more than 65 g/kg,and side lobe echo appears,indicating that large hail would fall,and the approaching warning of large hail could be issued about one hour in advance. （4） The strong radar reflectivity factor moves along the direction of 500 hPa guiding airflow and ground convergence line,and is strengthened after entering the Bohai Sea. The mesocyclones are identified by radar and develop into supercell hail storms. （5） The reasons for the strengthening of the hailstorm cells as a supercell storm after entering the Bohai Sea are as follows：the humidity in the lower layer increase,the instability of the upper cold and lower warm potential increase,the vertical wind shear in the deep layer is strengthened,and the divergence field is closer to the left side of the exit area of the 200 hPa upper-level jet stream,which is more conducive to the upward movement and the organization of the storm.

Key words: North China cold vortex, large hail, supercell hail storm

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